Recurrent pathologies:
blepharitis and chalazions

Macular damage

Glaucoma

Periocular Hygiene

Myodesopsia
(vitreous floaters)

Post-Surgical
Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry Eye Syndrome

Melatonin and the eye

Innovative formulation of
melatonin for retinal protection

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the eye

Eye infections

Recurrent pathologies:
blepharitis and chalazions

Macular damage

Glaucoma

Myodesopsia
(vitreous floaters)

Periocular Hygiene

Post-Surgical
Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry Eye Syndrome

Melatonin and the eye

Innovative formulation of
melatonin for retinal protection

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the eye

Eye infections

Recurrent pathologies: blepharitis and chalazions

Patologie recidivanti: blefariti e calazi

Related products:
EUREKOL

Recurrent pathologies: blepharitis and chalazions

Recurrent pathologies: blepharitis and chalazions

Related products:
EUREKOL

Macular damage

Macular damage

Macular damage is one of the leading causes of loss of central, sharp vision, significantly affecting the quality of life of those affected. The macula is the central portion of the retina, responsible for detailed vision needed for activities such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces. Among the most common conditions affecting this area is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a progressive disease that can present in two main forms: dry (atrophic) and wet (exudative). If not diagnosed and treated promptly, this condition can lead to significant vision loss

Macular damage is one of the leading causes of loss of central, sharp vision, significantly affecting the quality of life of those affected. The macula is the central portion of the retina, responsible for detailed vision needed for activities such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces. Among the most common conditions affecting this area is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a progressive disease that can present in two main forms: dry (atrophic) and wet (exudative). If not diagnosed and treated promptly, this condition can lead to significant vision loss

There are multiple, often interconnected causes of macular damage. With aging—especially after the age of 50—the likelihood of developing this condition increases significantly. Genetic factors such as a family history of AMD and harmful habits like smoking, which scientific studies link directly to an increased risk of retinal damage, also contribute. Environmental factors play a role too: prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light or blue light from computers, screens, and smartphones without proper protection can accelerate macular deterioration. A diet lacking in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids further weakens retinal health. Lastly, systemic diseases like diabetes and hypertension worsen microcirculation, impairing nutrient supply to the retina.

The signs of macular damage initially appear mildly but can progress rapidly:

  • Blurred central vision: Nearby or central objects may appear unclear.
  • Metamorphopsia: Straight lines may appear wavy or distorted.
  • Difficulty recognizing faces: Even at short distances.
  • Dark spots (scotomas): Blind areas that develop in the central visual field.
  • Reduced contrast sensitivity: Particularly noticeable in low-light conditions.

Management of macular damage varies depending on its severity and cause. For the wet form of AMD, intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs effectively slow abnormal blood vessel growth and protect vision. Nutritional supplements containing lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamins, and minerals can support macular health. Visual aids like magnifying lenses or assistive technology devices help maintain independence in daily activities. Regular monitoring through eye exams and diagnostic tools like optical coherence tomography (OCT) is essential to control the progression of the disease.

Prevention is key to reducing the risk of developing macular diseases or slowing their progression:

  • UV protection: Use certified sunglasses with 100% UV filters.
  • Quit smoking: Giving up tobacco significantly lowers the risk.
  • Balanced diet: Eat foods rich in antioxidants (fruit, leafy greens) and omega-3s (fatty fish, flaxseeds).
  • Regular check-ups: Undergo periodic ophthalmologic exams, especially if at risk.
  • Physical activity: Maintain an active lifestyle to promote good blood circulation.

Related products:
EUREKOL MACULA

Glaucoma

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that damages the optic nerve, gradually impairing vision and, in severe cases, leading to irreversible blindness. It is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. The condition is often associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP), although it can occur even in patients with normal pressure due to microcirculation issues or inherent optic nerve fragility. Although optic nerve damage is irreversible, early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent or slow disease progression.

Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that damages the optic nerve, gradually impairing vision and, in severe cases, leading to irreversible blindness. It is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. The condition is often associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP), although it can occur even in patients with normal pressure due to microcirculation issues or inherent optic nerve fragility. Although optic nerve damage is irreversible, early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent or slow disease progression.

The most common cause of glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure due to excessive production or impaired drainage of aqueous humor. Other risk factors include genetic predisposition—having a family history of glaucoma greatly increases the risk—and advanced age, especially after 40. Systemic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders also increase susceptibility. Finally, eye trauma or chronic inflammation can disrupt the normal flow of aqueous humor and promote glaucoma onset.

Glaucoma is known as the “silent thief of sight” because it is often asymptomatic in its early stages:

  • Open-angle glaucoma:
    • Gradual loss of peripheral vision.
    • Difficulty with side vision.
  • Angle-closure glaucoma (acute form):
    • Severe eye pain.
    • Blurred vision.
    • Nausea and vomiting.
    • Eye redness.
    • Seeing colored halos around lights.

Glaucoma treatment aims to reduce intraocular pressure and protect the optic nerve. Medication is often the first step: specific eye drops, such as prostaglandin analogs, beta-blockers, or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, help reduce aqueous humor production or enhance its outflow. If drug treatment is insufficient, laser procedures like trabeculoplasty (to improve drainage) or iridotomy (for angle-closure glaucoma) may be used. In more advanced cases, surgical options such as trabeculectomy or the implantation of drainage devices provide alternative pathways for fluid outflow. Additional support comes from neuroprotection, with antioxidant and neuroprotective supplements aimed at preserving optic nerve health.

Although glaucoma cannot be entirely prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk or limit its progression:

  • Regular screenings: Annual eye exams, especially for high-risk individuals (over 40, family history, systemic diseases).
  • Monitoring intraocular pressure: Regular IOP measurements to detect early abnormalities.
  • Healthy lifestyle: Reduce caffeine and alcohol intake, exercise regularly, and maintain a diet rich in antioxidants.
  • Eye protection: Prevent eye injuries by wearing protective eyewear in high-risk situations.

Related products:
EUREKOL GLAU

Myodesopsia (vitreous floaters)

Myodesopsia (vitreous floaters)

Myodesopsia, commonly known as “floaters,” are visual perceptions of small mobile bodies that appear as dots, strands, or shadows in the visual field.

They are generally related to changes in the structure of the vitreous body, the transparent gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina. 

Myodesopsia, commonly known as “floaters,” are visual perceptions of small mobile bodies that appear as dots, strands, or shadows in the visual field.
They are generally related to changes in the structure of the vitreous body, the transparent gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina.

With advancing age or in the presence of specific conditions, the vitreous body may undergo degenerative processes.

In particular:

  • degradation of hyaluronic acid 
  • loss of the three-dimensional structure of the gel 
  • aggregation of collagen fibers 

These phenomena lead to the formation of opacities that cast shadows on the retina. 

  • Advanced age 
  • Myopia 
  • Exposure to blue light and UV rays 
  • Post-surgical ocular conditions 

The management of myodesopsia depends on its extent and on its impact on visual quality.

Adequate nutritional support may contribute to maintaining the physiological structure of the vitreous body and to protection against oxidative stress. 

Related products:
EUREKOL VITREO

Periocular Hygiene

Periocular Hygiene

Periocular hygiene is essential for eye health, though it is often overlooked. Inadequate cleaning of the area around the eyes can lead to infections and inflammations such as blepharitis, styes, and conjunctivitis, which not only cause discomfort but, in more severe cases, can compromise vision quality. Adopting proper periocular hygiene not only protects the eyes from pathogens but also contributes to overall well-being, especially for those who wear cosmetics or contact lenses, or are exposed to dust and pollution.

Periocular hygiene is essential for eye health, though it is often overlooked. Inadequate cleaning of the area around the eyes can lead to infections and inflammations such as blepharitis, styes, and conjunctivitis, which not only cause discomfort but, in more severe cases, can compromise vision quality. Adopting proper periocular hygiene not only protects the eyes from pathogens but also contributes to overall well-being, especially for those who wear cosmetics or contact lenses, or are exposed to dust and pollution.

Problems related to poor periocular hygiene are often caused by various factors. The buildup of secretions from sebaceous and lacrimal glands can foster bacterial growth if not removed regularly. Improper use of cosmetics—such as not removing makeup properly—or using non-sterile products can cause irritation or infection. Environmental exposure to dust, allergens, and smog increases the risk of bacterial contamination, as does the presence of parasites like Demodex, which can inhabit eyelash follicles. Conditions such as diabetes, dermatitis, and dry eye syndrome also increase susceptibility to eyelid infections.

Issues from poor periocular hygiene may present with:

  • Redness and swelling of the eyelids
  • Itching and a foreign body sensation
  • Discharge and crusts along the eyelid margin
  • Ocular irritation and excessive tearing
  • Worsened vision quality, especially upon waking

To effectively manage periocular problems, adopting a daily cleaning routine is essential. It is recommended to use sterile wipes or specific solutions to remove secretions and impurities. In cases of bacterial infections, topical antibiotics may be necessary, along with anti-inflammatory eye drops or ointments to reduce swelling and redness. Lubricating eye drops, like artificial tears, can support the tear film, prevent impurity buildup, and soothe irritation. For Demodex-related cases, specific products containing tea tree oil can help combat the parasites.

Proper prevention significantly reduces the risk of complications:

  • Daily hygiene routine:
    Gently clean the periocular area with specific products, avoiding harsh detergents.
  • Cosmetic replacement:
    Choose hypoallergenic products and regularly replace mascara and other eye cosmetics.
  • Contact lens care:
    Follow strict hygiene and replacement guidelines.
  • Protection from external agents:
    Avoid touching eyes with dirty hands and use protective glasses in dusty or polluted environments.
  • Regular eye exams:
    Periodic check-ups help detect problems before they worsen.

Related products:
IDRAXIL OPHTHALMIC SPRAY

Post-Surgical Dry Eye Syndrome

Post-Surgical Dry Eye Syndrome

Post-surgical dry eye is a common condition that occurs after eye surgeries such as refractive surgery (LASIK, PRK) or cataract surgery. These procedures can temporarily affect the production or quality of the tear film, causing discomfort and reduced visual quality. While usually temporary, if left untreated, it can impact recovery and the patient’s overall well-be

Post-surgical dry eye is a common condition that occurs after eye surgeries such as refractive surgery (LASIK, PRK) or cataract surgery. These procedures can temporarily affect the production or quality of the tear film, causing discomfort and reduced visual quality. While usually temporary, if left untreated, it can impact recovery and the patient’s overall well-be

The causes of post-surgical dry eye are diverse and often interrelated. During surgery, the cutting of corneal nerve endings can reduce corneal sensitivity, impairing the natural tear reflex. Postoperative inflammation can alter tear quality, and the use of eye drops like antibiotics or steroids can temporarily affect tear production. Additionally, pre-existing dry eye syndrome can worsen after surgery.

Symptoms may vary in intensity:

  • Dryness: Sensation of dryness or grittiness
  • Burning and itching: Worse in dry or windy environments
  • Intermittent blurry vision: Due to an uneven tear film
  • Ocular redness: Often with visual fatigue
  • Difficulty wearing contact lenses: For those who continue their use post-surgery

Managing post-surgical dry eye requires a multimodal approach. Artificial tears are essential—preferably preservative-free and enriched with hyaluronic acid or other moisturizing agents. In some cases, doctors may prescribe anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory eye drops to reduce inflammation and improve tear quality. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements may also help support tear production. For persistent dryness, punctal plugs—tiny devices that reduce tear drainage—can improve ocular hydration. Advanced therapies like intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment can target Meibomian glands to enhance tear production.

Adopting preventive measures can reduce the risk and severity of post-surgical dry eye:

  • Preoperative evaluation:
    Screen for dry eye syndrome and begin preventive treatment if needed.
  • Consistent hydration:
    Use artificial tears before and after surgery to maintain the tear film.
  • Avoid dry environments:
    Use humidifiers at home and limit exposure to wind or air conditioning.
  • Regular follow-up:
    Eye exams to monitor recovery and adjust treatment as needed.
  • Avoid eye rubbing:
    After surgery, avoid behaviors that could disrupt healing.

Related products:
LACRISUN

Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry eye syndrome is a multifactorial condition affecting the ocular surface and tear system. It results from inadequate tear production or poor tear quality, compromising lubrication and eye protection. This increasingly common disorder can significantly affect quality of life, causing discomfort, visual disturbances, and—in severe cases—corneal damage. Fortunately, with growing awareness and advanced treatments, this condition is now effectively manageable.

Dry eye syndrome is a multifactorial condition affecting the ocular surface and tear system. It results from inadequate tear production or poor tear quality, compromising lubrication and eye protection. This increasingly common disorder can significantly affect quality of life, causing discomfort, visual disturbances, and—in severe cases—corneal damage. Fortunately, with growing awareness and advanced treatments, this condition is now effectively manageable.

Among the most common causes of glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure, linked to excessive production or impaired outflow of aqueous humor. Other risk factors include genetic predisposition – having family members with glaucoma significantly increases the chances of developing it – and advanced age, especially after age 40. Some systemic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders, may also predispose individuals to the condition. Lastly, eye trauma or chronic inflammation can interfere with the normal flow of aqueous humor and contribute to the onset of glaucoma.

Glaucoma is known as the “silent thief of sight” because it is often asymptomatic in its early stages:

Open-angle glaucoma:

  • Gradual loss of peripheral visual field
  • Difficulty with side vision

Angle-closure glaucoma (acute form):

  • Severe eye pain
  • Blurred vision
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Eye redness
  • Perception of colored halos around lights

The treatment of glaucoma aims to reduce intraocular pressure and protect the optic nerve. Drug therapy is often the first step: specific eye drops, such as those based on prostaglandins, beta-blockers, or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, help reduce the production of aqueous humor or improve its drainage. If drug treatment is not sufficient, laser procedures such as trabeculoplasty to enhance drainage or iridotomy for angle-closure glaucoma may be used. In more advanced cases, surgical intervention such as trabeculectomy or the insertion of drainage implants may be performed to create an alternative pathway for the aqueous humor. Additional support comes from neuroprotection, using antioxidant and neuroprotective supplements aimed at preserving the health of the optic nerve.

Although glaucoma cannot be completely prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk or limit its progression:

  • Regular screenings:
    Annual eye exams, especially for at-risk individuals (over 40, family history, systemic conditions).
  • Intraocular pressure monitoring:
    Regular IOP measurements to identify early abnormalities.
  • Healthy lifestyle:
    Reduce caffeine and alcohol intake, engage in regular physical activity, maintain a balanced diet rich in antioxidants.
  • Eye protection:
    Avoid eye injuries by wearing protective eyewear in risky situations.

Related products:
LACRISTAR, LACRINOVA, IDRAXIL OPHTHALMIC SPRAY

The vitamin triad for the well-being of eyesight

The vitamin triad for the well-being of eyesight

Related products:
DKSTAR

Innovative formulation of melatonin for retinal protection

Innovative formulation of melatonin for retinal protection

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RE7

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

Allergy is a reaction of the immune system to normally harmless substances, called allergens. Instead of ignoring these substances, the body perceives them as threats and activates a defensive response.

Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to allergens. The most common form is seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, which accounts for approximately 55% of cases.

Allergic reactions develop when our immune system responds excessively to stimuli that it considers dangerous, but which are actually harmless. 

These stimuli are technically called allergens and can be of different types: pollen, dust mites, animal epithelia, and mold spores are inhaled through breathing. 

When these allergens come into contact with the airways, they can cause allergic rhinitis or hay fever (runny nose, sneezing, cough, nasal discharge), which may also be associated with ocular symptoms such as allergic conjunctivitis. In more severe cases, asthma may also occur, causing narrowing of the airways. 

The symptoms affecting the eyes during an allergic reaction to pollen are: 

  • Itching 
  • Burning 
  • Redness 
  • Irritation 
  • Excessive tearing 

Pharmacological treatment is based on the use of antihistamine eye drops. Antihistamines block histamine H1 receptors, preventing this molecule from triggering allergic symptoms. They do not eliminate histamine, but prevent it from binding to cellular receptors, thereby “switching off” its effects. 

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OLONET

Inflammation of the eye

Inflammation of the eye

Related products:
OFTACORTAL

Eye infections

Eye infections

Related products:
OCUPIX

FAQ – Frequently asked questions

What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and how do the dry and wet forms differ?

AMD is a progressive deterioration of the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp vision.

The dry (atrophic) form involves a gradual thinning of the retinal tissues, while the wet (exudative) form is characterized by abnormal growth of new blood vessels that may bleed. Both reduce central vision, but the wet form progresses more rapidly.

What is dry eye syndrome, and why does it affect people who work on a computer?

The surface of the eye becomes dry because the tear film is insufficient or unstable. Screens, air conditioning, and contact lenses increase the incidence of this condition.

Eye drops such as Lacrinova® (containing the patented hyaluronic acid RIBOHYAL) and Lacristar® artificial tears are specifically formulated to replenish and stabilize that film, while Idraxil Ophthalmic Spray helps reduce lipid evaporation.

How can I prevent macular damage?

Proteggi gli occhi dalla luce UV con occhiali certificati, smetti di fumare, segui una dieta ricca di antiossidanti e omega-3 e programma controlli oculistici periodici, soprattutto dopo i 50 anni o se hai familiarità per DMLE.

Do contact lenses worsen dryness?

Only if they are worn for more than 6 hours a day or in dry environments. Use highly oxygen-permeable daily lenses and instill Lacristar® every 3-4 hours to maintain comfort.

How should an eyelid spray be applied correctly?

Close your eyes, hold Idraxil Spray about 10 cm away, and spray 2-3 times: within 15 seconds it re-forms the lipid layer without smudging make-up.

Maculopathy: which warning signs should not be ignored?

Lines that appear wavy or dark central spots. An abnormal Amsler test requires prompt evaluation by an ophthalmologist. For retinal protection, Eurekol Macula® is available as an antioxidant supplement (lutein + omega-3).

Which signs may indicate 'silent' glaucoma?

In the early stages, you may not notice any symptoms; over time, reduced peripheral visual field and difficulty with side vision may appear.

The dry (atrophic) form involves a gradual thinning of the retinal tissues, while the wet (exudative) form is characterized by abnormal growth of neovessels that can bleed. Both reduce central vision, but the wet form progresses more rapidly.

How can dry eye syndrome be managed (including after LASIK or cataract surgery)?

Use preservative-free artificial tears based on hyaluronic acid, add omega-3s, limit exposure to dry environments (air conditioning, wind), and discuss topical anti-inflammatory treatments or punctal plugs with your ophthalmologist if symptoms persist.

Is periocular hygiene really that important?

Yes: removing secretions, make-up, and dust every day with sterile wipes helps prevent blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and styes. Choose specific products and replace eye cosmetics regularly.

Does Diadema offer products specifically intended for post-operative care?

Yes. Lacrisun was developed to relieve dryness and discomfort after refractive or cataract surgery, promoting a more comfortable recovery of the ocular surface.