Ophthalmology

What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and how do the dry and wet forms differ?

AMD is a progressive deterioration of the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp vision.

The dry (atrophic) form involves a gradual thinning of the retinal tissues, while the wet (exudative) form is characterized by abnormal growth of new blood vessels that may bleed. Both reduce central vision, but the wet form progresses more rapidly.

What is dry eye syndrome, and why does it affect people who work on a computer?

The surface of the eye becomes dry because the tear film is insufficient or unstable. Screens, air conditioning, and contact lenses increase the incidence of this condition.

Eye drops such as Lacrinova® (containing the patented hyaluronic acid RIBOHYAL) and Lacristar® artificial tears are specifically formulated to replenish and stabilize that film, while Idraxil Ophthalmic Spray helps reduce lipid evaporation.

How can I prevent macular damage?

Proteggi gli occhi dalla luce UV con occhiali certificati, smetti di fumare, segui una dieta ricca di antiossidanti e omega-3 e programma controlli oculistici periodici, soprattutto dopo i 50 anni o se hai familiarità per DMLE.

Do contact lenses worsen dryness?

Only if they are worn for more than 6 hours a day or in dry environments. Use highly oxygen-permeable daily lenses and instill Lacristar® every 3-4 hours to maintain comfort.

How should an eyelid spray be applied correctly?

Close your eyes, hold Idraxil Spray about 10 cm away, and spray 2-3 times: within 15 seconds it re-forms the lipid layer without smudging make-up.

Maculopathy: which warning signs should not be ignored?

Lines that appear wavy or dark central spots. An abnormal Amsler test requires prompt evaluation by an ophthalmologist. For retinal protection, Eurekol Macula® is available as an antioxidant supplement (lutein + omega-3).

Which signs may indicate 'silent' glaucoma?

In the early stages, you may not notice any symptoms; over time, reduced peripheral visual field and difficulty with side vision may appear.

The dry (atrophic) form involves a gradual thinning of the retinal tissues, while the wet (exudative) form is characterized by abnormal growth of neovessels that can bleed. Both reduce central vision, but the wet form progresses more rapidly.

How can dry eye syndrome be managed (including after LASIK or cataract surgery)?

Use preservative-free artificial tears based on hyaluronic acid, add omega-3s, limit exposure to dry environments (air conditioning, wind), and discuss topical anti-inflammatory treatments or punctal plugs with your ophthalmologist if symptoms persist.

Is periocular hygiene really that important?

Yes: removing secretions, make-up, and dust every day with sterile wipes helps prevent blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and styes. Choose specific products and replace eye cosmetics regularly.

Does Diadema offer products specifically intended for post-operative care?

Yes. Lacrisun was developed to relieve dryness and discomfort after refractive or cataract surgery, promoting a more comfortable recovery of the ocular surface.

Gynecology

What is vaginal dryness during menopause, and how can it be relieved?

It results from the drop in estrogen levels, which reduces lubrication and tissue elasticity.
Moisturizing gels with hyaluronic acid, phytoestrogens, or local estrogen creams (by prescription) restore comfort and protect the mucosa. Fillergyn® Gel (hyaluronic acid + phytocomplexes) restores elasticity 2-3 times a week.

Bacterial vaginosis or candidiasis: how can you tell the difference?

A ‘fishy’ odor and gray discharge suggest vaginosis.

Intense itching and ‘cottage cheese-like’ discharge suggest candidiasis.

Gentle cleansers such as Fillergyn Mousse® help keep the intimate microbiota in balance.

Moisturizing, lubricating, or estrogen-based gel: which should you choose?

• Water-based lubricant: occasional use.

• Fillergyn® Gel: ongoing hydration.

• Estrogen cream (by prescription): for severe atrophy.

Which daily intimate hygiene habits do you recommend?

Cleanse the area once or twice a day with products at pH 4.5-5.5, pat dry, wear cotton underwear, and change out of sweaty clothes or wet swimsuits promptly to avoid disrupting the vaginal microbiota.

When should an alteration of the vaginal microbiota be suspected?

Itching, burning, unusual odor, or abnormally colored discharge may suggest vaginosis or candidiasis. See your gynecologist for targeted treatment and consider vaginal probiotics to rebalance the flora.

How can recurrent vaginal infections be prevented?

Maintain proper hygiene, wear cotton underwear, avoid excessive washing, follow a balanced diet, and, if needed, take vaginal probiotics.

Does Diadema offer hormonal solutions?

The gynecological line prioritizes natural, non-hormonal formulations (e.g. Fillergyn) for hydration and lubrication. Any hormone replacement therapy should be determined by the physician on a case-by-case basis.

What pH should a daily intimate cleanser have, and which ingredients should be avoided?

A pH between 4.5 and 5.5 preserves the vaginal microbiota.
It is better to choose gentle formulations free from harsh surfactants, fragrances, and parabens to help prevent irritation and bacterial vaginosis.

Why are regular check-ups essential even when there are no symptoms?

Gynecological check-ups help detect pH changes, infections, or vaginal atrophy early, allowing timely and personalized intervention.

When is it useful to take vaginal probiotics?

After antibiotic courses, in cases of recurrent candidiasis or vaginosis, and during periods of stress or hormonal changes, vaginal probiotics help restore the ‘good’ flora and reduce infectious recurrences.

Gastroenterology

How can I tell whether I have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Recurrent abdominal pain that improves after bowel movements, associated with a change in stool frequency or form.
During the maintenance phase, Eurekol® can be used to modulate the microbiota.

How does stress affect the gut?

Stress and anxiety alter the gut-brain axis, change motility, and promote dysbiosis; mindfulness, yoga, or cognitive behavioral therapy can improve symptoms.

Stress and the gut: how can the vicious cycle be broken?

Mindfulness, yoga, or CBT help modulate the gut-brain axis; Eurekol® supports the intestinal barrier during periods of greater stress.

Antibiotics and the microbiota: what should you do?

Start Eurekol® on the first day of antibiotic treatment and continue for 2 weeks after the last dose to halve the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

Which foods promote good gut health?

Foods rich in fiber (fruit, vegetables, whole grains), fermented foods (yogurt, kefir), legumes, and seeds. Limit saturated fats, refined sugars, and alcohol.

Which supplements help with bloating and constipation?

Supplements based on soluble fiber, digestive enzymes, and probiotics improve bowel regularity and reduce fermentation. EUREKOL acts on motility and reduces bloating thanks to the synergy between fibers, extracts, and probiotics.

How does the low-FODMAP diet work?

It temporarily reduces fermentable carbohydrates (fruit high in fructose, legumes, dairy products high in lactose) to relieve bloating and pain; it should be followed under professional guidance so that tolerated foods can be gradually reintroduced.